Association of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension with arsenic in drinking water in the Comarca Lagunera province (north-central Mexico).

Chronic endemic regional hydroarsenicism (CERHA) is a global issue that affects over 200 million people exposed to arsenic (As) in drinking water. This includes 1.75 million individuals residing in La Comarca Lagunera, a region in north-central Mexico. Arsenic levels in this region typically exceeds the WHO guideline of 10 µg L-1. Biochemical alterations related to the human As metabolism may increase the risk of overweight and obesity (O&O), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and hypertension (AHT). In our study, we investigated the role of As in drinking water as a risk factor for these metabolic diseases. We focused on populations with historically moderate (San Pedro) and low (Lerdo) drinking water As levels and people with no historical evidence of As water contamination. The exposure assessment to As was based on measurements of the drinking water (medians 67.2, 21.0, 4.3 µg L-1) and urinary As concentrations in women (9.4, 5.3, 0.8 µg L-1) and men (18.1, 4.8, 1.0 µg L-1). A significant correlation between As in drinking water and urine evidenced the As exposure in the population (R2 = 0.72). Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals evidenced higher chances of being diagnosed with T2D (1.7, 1.2-2.0) and AHT (1.8, 1.7-1.9) in individuals living in San Pedro than those in Lerdo. Still, there was no significant association with obesity. Individuals living in CERHA towns were found to have a higher risk of obesity (1.3-1.9), T2D (1.5 to 3.3), and AHT (1.4 to 2.4) compared to those residing in non-CERHA towns. Finally, obesity is more probable in women [inverse of OR and 95%CI 0.4 (0.2-0.7)] compared to men, while men is more likely to be diagnosed with T2D [OR = 2.0 (1.4-2.3)] and AHT [OR = 2.0 (1.5-2.3)] than women, independently of the municipality.

Asociación de la exposición ocupacional a plaguicidas organofosforados con el daño oxidativo y actividad de acetilcolinesterasa / Association of occupational exposure to pesticides organophosphate oxidative damage and activity acetylcholinesterase

Los plaguicidas organofosforados (POF) poseen una acción anticolinesterásica utilizada como indicador de intoxicación crónica del trabajador agrícola por POF. En esta población, los POF pueden actuar como pro-oxidantes, afectando la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes y probablemente generar daños crónicos. Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de la exposición ocupacional a POF sobre el daño oxidativo y actividad de acetilcolinesterasa en trabajadores agrícolas. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y comparativo en 45 trabajadores del Comité de Sanidad Vegetal de Durango A.C. (CESAVEDAC). Se evaluó la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa lipoperoxidación y capacidad antioxidante total en plasma, además de evaluar las concentraciones de colesterol, triglicéridos, glucosa. Resultados. El daño oxidativo se asocia a la exposición a POF (p=0.003) siendo 3.21 veces mayor el riesgo de desarrollar daño oxidativo en el grupo expuesto a POF, además existe una asociación entre la inhibición de acetilcolinesterasa y la exposición a POF (p=0.01) siendo 2.92 veces mayor el riesgo de presentar dicha inhibición con respecto al grupo no expuesto. Conclusiones. Existe una influencia negativa de la exposición ocupacional a POF sobre el daño oxidativo y la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa en la población de trabajadores agrícolas estudiada (AU)

Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are considered as negative risk factors for the health POF farm workers. The anticholinesterase action these compounds have been used as an indicator POF chronic OP poisoning. Some authors have suggested that agricultural workers in the Ops can act as pro-oxidants, affecting the activity POF antioxidant enzymes and generating chronic damage likely. Objective. This study was conducted to determine the influence POF occupational exposure to OPs in oxidative damage and acetylcholinesterase activity in farmworkers Plant Health Committee POF Durango A.C (CESAVEDAC). Methodology. An observational, analytical, retrospective comparative study was conducted on 45 workers. The activity POF acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker POF toxicity assessed, indicator POF oxidative damage to lipid peroxidation antioxidant capability. Results. Was found that there is an association between oxidative damage and exposure to OPs (p = 0.003) being 3.21 times greater risk POF developing oxidative damage when it is exposed to OPs, moreover, there is an association between inhibition POF acetylcholinesterase and exposure to OPs (p = 0.01), 2.92 times higher risk POF show inhibition activity acetylcholinesterase when it is exposed to OPs Conclusions. There is a negative influence POF occupational exposure to OPs on oxidative damage and acetylcholinesterase activity in farmworkers (AU)